:root {
      --bg: #0e1114;
      --panel: #161b20;
      --panel-2: #1c232a;
      --line: #2a333c;
      --ink: #e8e2d6;
      --muted: #8a9188;
      --amber: #e8a838;
      --mint: #6fbf9a;
      --coral: #e07060;
      --steel: #5a7a9a;
      --sky: #7eb8d4;
    }

    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }

    body {
      min-height: 100vh;
      background:
        radial-gradient(1100px 560px at 8% -8%, #1a2420 0%, transparent 55%),
        radial-gradient(900px 480px at 100% 12%, #1c1a14 0%, transparent 50%),
        var(--bg);
      color: var(--ink);
      font-family: "IBM Plex Mono", ui-monospace, monospace;
      line-height: 1.65;
    }

    body::before {
      content: "";
      position: fixed;
      inset: 0;
      pointer-events: none;
      opacity: 0.06;
      background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 200 200' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cfilter id='n'%3E%3CfeTurbulence type='fractalNoise' baseFrequency='0.85' numOctaves='3' stitchTiles='stitch'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Crect width='100%25' height='100%25' filter='url(%23n)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
      z-index: 50;
    }

    .wrap {
      max-width: 820px;
      margin: 0 auto;
      padding: 2.5rem 1.25rem 5rem;
      position: relative;
      z-index: 1;
    }

    header {
      display: grid;
      gap: 0.9rem;
      margin-bottom: 2.25rem;
      padding-bottom: 1.75rem;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
      animation: rise 0.6s ease both;
    }

    .eyebrow {
      color: var(--amber);
      font-size: 0.72rem;
      letter-spacing: 0.16em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
    }

    h1 {
      font-family: Syne, system-ui, sans-serif;
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: clamp(1.85rem, 4.2vw, 2.7rem);
      line-height: 1.12;
      letter-spacing: -0.02em;
      max-width: 18ch;
    }

    .lede {
      color: var(--muted);
      font-size: 0.92rem;
      max-width: 62ch;
    }

    .meta {
      display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      gap: 0.5rem 1rem;
      font-size: 0.72rem;
      color: var(--muted);
    }

    .meta a {
      color: var(--sky);
      text-decoration: none;
      border-bottom: 1px dotted rgba(126, 184, 212, 0.45);
    }

    .meta a:hover { color: var(--ink); }

    nav.toc {
      background: var(--panel);
      border: 1px solid var(--line);
      border-radius: 10px;
      padding: 1rem 1.15rem;
      margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
      animation: rise 0.7s ease both 0.05s;
    }

    nav.toc h2 {
      font-family: Syne, system-ui, sans-serif;
      font-size: 0.85rem;
      font-weight: 700;
      margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
      color: var(--ink);
    }

    nav.toc ol {
      padding-left: 1.2rem;
      display: grid;
      gap: 0.35rem;
      font-size: 0.82rem;
      color: var(--muted);
    }

    nav.toc a {
      color: var(--sky);
      text-decoration: none;
    }

    nav.toc a:hover { color: var(--ink); }

    section {
      margin-bottom: 2.75rem;
      animation: rise 0.7s ease both;
    }

    h2 {
      font-family: Syne, system-ui, sans-serif;
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 1.35rem;
      letter-spacing: -0.01em;
      margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
      scroll-margin-top: 1.25rem;
    }

    h3 {
      font-family: Syne, system-ui, sans-serif;
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 1.02rem;
      margin: 1.4rem 0 0.55rem;
      color: var(--ink);
    }

    p { margin-bottom: 0.9rem; font-size: 0.9rem; color: #d5d0c4; }

    strong { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; }

    ul, ol {
      margin: 0 0 1rem 1.2rem;
      font-size: 0.88rem;
      color: #d5d0c4;
      display: grid;
      gap: 0.4rem;
    }

    .callout {
      background: var(--panel);
      border: 1px solid var(--line);
      border-left: 3px solid var(--amber);
      border-radius: 0 10px 10px 0;
      padding: 0.95rem 1.1rem;
      margin: 1.2rem 0;
      font-size: 0.86rem;
      color: #d5d0c4;
    }

    .callout.mint { border-left-color: var(--mint); }
    .callout.coral { border-left-color: var(--coral); }
    .callout.steel { border-left-color: var(--steel); }

    .callout .label {
      display: block;
      font-size: 0.68rem;
      letter-spacing: 0.12em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--amber);
      margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
    }

    .callout.mint .label { color: var(--mint); }
    .callout.coral .label { color: var(--coral); }
    .callout.steel .label { color: var(--sky); }

    .grid-2 {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
      gap: 0.85rem;
      margin: 1.1rem 0 1.3rem;
    }

    @media (max-width: 700px) {
      .grid-2 { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    }

    .card {
      background: var(--panel);
      border: 1px solid var(--line);
      border-radius: 10px;
      padding: 1rem 1.05rem;
    }

    .card h4 {
      font-family: Syne, system-ui, sans-serif;
      font-size: 0.95rem;
      margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
    }

    .card p, .card li {
      font-size: 0.8rem;
      margin: 0;
      color: var(--muted);
    }

    .card ul {
      margin: 0.5rem 0 0 1rem;
      gap: 0.3rem;
    }

    .card.fail h4 { color: var(--coral); }
    .card.ok h4 { color: var(--mint); }

    .compare {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
      gap: 0.85rem;
      margin: 1.1rem 0;
    }

    @media (max-width: 700px) {
      .compare { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    }

    .compare .side {
      background: var(--panel-2);
      border: 1px solid var(--line);
      border-radius: 10px;
      padding: 1rem;
    }

    .compare .side .tag {
      font-size: 0.68rem;
      letter-spacing: 0.12em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
      display: block;
    }

    .compare .side.left .tag { color: var(--mint); }
    .compare .side.right .tag { color: var(--coral); }

    .compare .side h4 {
      font-family: Syne, system-ui, sans-serif;
      font-size: 0.95rem;
      margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    }

    .compare .side p,
    .compare .side li {
      font-size: 0.8rem;
      color: var(--muted);
    }

    .compare .side ul {
      margin: 0.4rem 0 0 1rem;
      gap: 0.25rem;
    }

    .stats {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
      gap: 0.75rem;
      margin: 1.1rem 0;
    }

    @media (max-width: 700px) {
      .stats { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    }

    .stat {
      background: var(--panel);
      border: 1px solid var(--line);
      border-radius: 10px;
      padding: 0.9rem 1rem;
      text-align: left;
    }

    .stat .n {
      font-family: Syne, system-ui, sans-serif;
      font-size: 1.55rem;
      font-weight: 800;
      color: var(--amber);
      line-height: 1.1;
    }

    .stat .d {
      font-size: 0.72rem;
      color: var(--muted);
      margin-top: 0.25rem;
    }

    .layers {
      display: grid;
      gap: 0.55rem;
      margin: 1.1rem 0;
    }

    .layer {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 7.5rem 1fr;
      gap: 0.75rem;
      align-items: start;
      background: var(--panel);
      border: 1px solid var(--line);
      border-radius: 10px;
      padding: 0.85rem 1rem;
    }

    @media (max-width: 600px) {
      .layer { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    }

    .layer .name {
      font-family: Syne, system-ui, sans-serif;
      font-size: 0.82rem;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--sky);
    }

    .layer p {
      margin: 0;
      font-size: 0.8rem;
      color: var(--muted);
    }

    .flow {
      display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      gap: 0.4rem;
      align-items: center;
      margin: 1rem 0 1.2rem;
      font-size: 0.75rem;
    }

    .flow span {
      background: var(--panel-2);
      border: 1px solid var(--line);
      border-radius: 999px;
      padding: 0.3rem 0.7rem;
      color: var(--ink);
    }

    .flow .arrow { color: var(--muted); border: 0; background: transparent; padding: 0; }

    table {
      width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 0.8rem;
      margin: 1rem 0 1.3rem;
      background: var(--panel);
      border: 1px solid var(--line);
      border-radius: 10px;
      overflow: hidden;
    }

    th, td {
      text-align: left;
      padding: 0.7rem 0.85rem;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
      vertical-align: top;
    }

    th {
      color: var(--amber);
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 0.72rem;
      letter-spacing: 0.08em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      background: var(--panel-2);
    }

    tr:last-child td { border-bottom: 0; }

    td { color: #d5d0c4; }

    footer {
      margin-top: 2.5rem;
      padding-top: 1.25rem;
      border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
      font-size: 0.75rem;
      color: var(--muted);
      display: grid;
      gap: 0.45rem;
    }

    footer a { color: var(--sky); }

    @keyframes rise {
      from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(10px); }
      to { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
    }

/* —— site chrome —— */
.site-bar {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 20;
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
  background: rgba(14, 17, 20, 0.85);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.site-bar-inner {
  max-width: 820px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.65rem 1.1rem;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
}
.site-brand {
  font-family: Syne, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-weight: 800;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.site-brand span { color: var(--amber); }
.site-nav {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.35rem 0.75rem;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
}
.site-nav a {
  color: var(--muted);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.site-nav a:hover,
.site-nav a.active { color: var(--sky); }

.article-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin: 1.25rem 0;
}
.article-item {
  display: block;
  background: var(--panel);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 10px;
  padding: 1rem 1.1rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  transition: border-color 0.15s ease, transform 0.15s ease;
}
.article-item:hover {
  border-color: var(--steel);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.article-item .cat {
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--amber);
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}
.article-item h3 {
  font-family: Syne, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  margin: 0 0 0.4rem;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.article-item p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: var(--muted);
}
.article-item .date {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 0.55rem;
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  color: var(--muted);
}
.cat-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(180px, 1fr));
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin: 1.25rem 0 2rem;
}
.cat-card {
  background: var(--panel);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 10px;
  padding: 1rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
}
.cat-card:hover { border-color: var(--steel); }
.cat-card h3 {
  font-family: Syne, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  margin: 0 0 0.35rem;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.cat-card p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--muted);
}

/* —— interactive viz (knowledge demos) —— */
.viz {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #1a2128 0%, var(--panel) 100%);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 10px;
  padding: 1.1rem 1.15rem 1.25rem;
  margin: 1.25rem 0;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.viz::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  background:
    radial-gradient(400px 180px at 90% 0%, rgba(232, 168, 56, 0.07), transparent 60%),
    radial-gradient(320px 160px at 0% 100%, rgba(126, 184, 212, 0.06), transparent 55%);
}
.viz > * { position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.viz-title {
  font-family: Syne, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 0.75rem;
}
.viz-title span {
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono", monospace;
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--muted);
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}
.viz-hint {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-top: 0.75rem;
}
.viz-controls {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
}
.viz-btn {
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #12171c;
  color: var(--muted);
  padding: 0.35rem 0.7rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: border-color 0.15s, color 0.15s, background 0.15s, transform 0.15s;
}
.viz-btn:hover { border-color: var(--amber); color: var(--amber); }
.viz-btn.active {
  background: var(--amber);
  color: #14110c;
  border-color: var(--amber);
  font-weight: 600;
}
.viz-btn:active { transform: translateY(1px); }

.stack-flow {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.45rem;
}
.stack-node {
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #12171c;
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 0.55rem 0.85rem;
  opacity: 0.22;
  filter: grayscale(0.7);
  transform: translateY(10px);
  max-height: 3.2rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition:
    opacity 0.4s ease,
    transform 0.4s ease,
    border-color 0.35s,
    box-shadow 0.35s,
    max-height 0.45s ease,
    filter 0.35s ease,
    padding 0.35s ease;
}
.stack-node.on {
  opacity: 1;
  filter: none;
  transform: none;
  max-height: 12rem;
  padding: 0.7rem 0.85rem;
  border-color: var(--steel);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px rgba(90, 122, 154, 0.2);
}
.stack-node.hot {
  border-color: var(--amber);
  box-shadow: 0 0 22px rgba(232, 168, 56, 0.28);
}
.stack-node .k {
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--sky);
  margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
}
.stack-node .t {
  font-family: Syne, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.stack-node .d {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-top: 0.35rem;
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(4px);
  transition: opacity 0.35s ease 0.08s, transform 0.35s ease 0.08s;
}
.stack-node.on .d {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: none;
}
.stack-arrow {
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--line);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  opacity: 0;
  height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: opacity 0.3s, color 0.3s, height 0.3s, margin 0.3s;
}
.stack-arrow.on {
  opacity: 1;
  color: var(--amber);
  height: 1.1rem;
  margin: 0.1rem 0;
}

.cap-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 0.65rem;
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .cap-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}
.cap-card {
  border: 1px dashed var(--line);
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 0.75rem;
  background: #12171c;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: border-color 0.2s, background 0.2s, transform 0.2s;
}
.cap-card:hover { border-color: var(--steel); }
.cap-card.granted {
  border-style: solid;
  border-color: var(--mint);
  background: rgba(111, 191, 154, 0.08);
}
.cap-card.denied {
  border-style: solid;
  border-color: var(--coral);
  background: rgba(224, 112, 96, 0.08);
}
.cap-card .name {
  font-family: Syne, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}
.cap-card .status {
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--muted);
}
.cap-card.granted .status { color: var(--mint); }
.cap-card.denied .status { color: var(--coral); }
.cap-binding {
  margin-top: 0.85rem;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  background: #0e1216;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 6px;
  padding: 0.65rem 0.75rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  overflow-x: auto;
}
.cap-binding code { color: var(--mint); }

.vs-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr;
  gap: 0.6rem;
  align-items: stretch;
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .vs-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .vs-mid { display: none; }
}
.vs-pane {
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 0.8rem;
  background: #12171c;
}
.vs-pane h4 {
  font-family: Syne, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.55rem;
}
.vs-mid {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  color: var(--amber);
  font-family: Syne, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-weight: 800;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
}
.blob-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
}
.blob {
  width: 2rem;
  height: 2rem;
  border-radius: 6px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #1a2229;
  transition: transform 0.4s ease, border-color 0.3s, background 0.3s;
}
.blob.shared { border-color: var(--coral); background: rgba(224, 112, 96, 0.15); }
.blob.private {
  border-color: var(--mint);
  background: rgba(111, 191, 154, 0.15);
  animation: pulse-soft 2.2s ease-in-out infinite;
}
@keyframes pulse-soft {
  0%, 100% { transform: scale(1); }
  50% { transform: scale(1.06); }
}

.timeline {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0;
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 1.1rem;
}
.timeline::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0.35rem;
  top: 0.3rem;
  bottom: 0.3rem;
  width: 2px;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--amber), var(--steel), var(--mint));
  opacity: 0.55;
}
.tl-item {
  position: relative;
  padding: 0.55rem 0 0.55rem 0.85rem;
  opacity: 0.4;
  transform: translateY(6px);
  transition: opacity 0.4s ease, transform 0.4s ease;
}
.tl-item.on { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
.tl-item::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: -0.92rem;
  top: 0.85rem;
  width: 0.55rem;
  height: 0.55rem;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--panel);
  border: 2px solid var(--amber);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(232, 168, 56, 0.35);
}
.tl-item.on::before {
  animation: ping 1.6s ease-out infinite;
}
@keyframes ping {
  0% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(232, 168, 56, 0.4); }
  70% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 8px rgba(232, 168, 56, 0); }
  100% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(232, 168, 56, 0); }
}
.tl-item .when {
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--amber);
  margin-bottom: 0.15rem;
}
.tl-item .what {
  font-family: Syne, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}
.tl-item .why {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-top: 0.15rem;
}

.gate-demo {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.65rem;
}
.gate-step {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.7rem;
  align-items: flex-start;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 0.7rem 0.8rem;
  background: #12171c;
  opacity: 0.3;
  transform: translateY(4px);
  transition: opacity 0.35s, transform 0.35s, border-color 0.35s;
}
.gate-step.on {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: none;
}
.gate-step.sim { border-color: var(--sky); }
.gate-step.wait { border-color: var(--amber); }
.gate-step.ok { border-color: var(--mint); }
.gate-n {
  font-family: Syne, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--amber);
  min-width: 1.4rem;
}
.gate-step .body .t {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.gate-step .body .d {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-top: 0.15rem;
}

.counter-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 0.55rem;
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .counter-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}
.counter {
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 0.75rem;
  background: #12171c;
  text-align: left;
}
.counter .n {
  font-family: Syne, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--amber);
  line-height: 1.1;
}
.counter .d {
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
}

.orbit {
  position: relative;
  width: min(100%, 320px);
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  margin: 0.4rem auto 0.2rem;
}
.orbit-ring {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 12%;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 1px dashed color-mix(in srgb, var(--line) 70%, var(--sky));
  animation: spin 18s linear infinite;
}
.orbit-ring.r2 {
  inset: 24%;
  animation-duration: 12s;
  animation-direction: reverse;
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--line) 70%, var(--amber));
}
.orbit-core {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 36%;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: radial-gradient(circle at 35% 30%, #2a323a, #12171c 70%);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 0.5rem;
  z-index: 2;
}
.orbit-core strong {
  font-family: Syne, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  display: block;
}
.orbit-core small {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
}
.sat {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  width: max-content;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(var(--a)) translateY(calc(-1 * var(--r))) rotate(calc(-1 * var(--a)));
  font-size: 0.65rem;
  padding: 0.22rem 0.45rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #12171c;
  color: var(--ink);
  white-space: nowrap;
}
@keyframes spin {
  to { transform: rotate(360deg); }
}